Italy will hold a historic referendum on reducing the length of residency required to obtain a Italian citizenship by naturalization (does not alter the right by blood – ius sanguinis). Authorized by the Constitutional Court, the plebiscite represents the first step towards updating legislation that has been in force for 30 years.
Under current rules, foreigners outside the European Union must prove 10 years of legal residence in the country to apply for citizenship. The proposal under vote would reduce that period to 5 years, bringing Italy in line with countries such as Portugal, France and Germany.
The popular consultation will take place between April 15 and June 15, 2025, and must be held on a Sunday. The exact date is yet to be defined.
Challenges for approval
Referendums in Italy often face low turnout. Since 1977, only 42% have managed to reach the minimum quorum of 50%. In addition, the proposal faces opposition from the right-wing coalition led by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni. The center-left, including the Democratic Party, broadly supports the reform.
The outcome could shape the future of Italian citizenship and impact the debate on immigration in the country.
Understand the details of the referendum
- What is the theme?
Italians will decide whether the period of legal residence required for naturalization will be reduced from 10 to 5 years. - Will other requirements change?
No. Additional criteria, such as proficiency in Italian (B1 level), proof of income and a clean criminal record, will remain the same. - When will it be done?
Between April 15 and June 15, 2025, always on a Sunday. The specific date will be announced soon. - What is required for approval?
The referendum will only be valid if more than 50% of voters vote. For approval, a majority of votes must be in favor. - Who can vote?
All Italian citizens over 18 years of age, including those registered with the AIRE (Register of Italians Abroad), such as those residing in Brazil. Voting is not mandatory. - How to vote from abroad?
Italians outside Italy can vote by mail or in person in their home municipality, as long as they notify the consulate in advance. Those who choose to vote by mail will receive their ballot at home and must return it within the stipulated deadline. - What will voting be like in Italy?
Voters in the country need to appear at the designated polling station, taking the electoral card (voter registration card) and an identity document. If you lose it, you can request a new one from the municipality.
